作者:校园英语杂志社 字数:4702 点击:

  【摘要】在語篇中开展语法教学有助于实现语言形式、意义和运用的结合。本文以主语从句为例,通过语境的创设、展开、拓展和升华,让学生在语篇中探索语法规律,运用语法规则,内化语法知识,用目标语法表达观点和看法,形成综合语言运用能力。
  【关键词】高中英语;语法教学;语篇
  【作者简介】王珍珍,南京航空航天大学苏州附属中学。
  一、引言
  语法教学是英语教学重要的组成部分,其成效在一定程度上影响着学生的英语水平。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》倡导高中阶段的英语语法教学从语言运用的角度出发,把语言的形式、意义和用法有机结合,引导学生在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。这一要求突出了在语篇中开展语法教学的重要意义。语篇语法教学注重语境及上下文中句子结构与功能的有机结合,得到了众多专家的认可与推崇。笔者以主语从句的教学为例,通过语境的创设、展开、拓展和升华,浅谈基于语篇进行英语语法教学的实践。
  二、教学案例
  教学内容:主语从句(subject clauses)
  教学目标:
  1. 学生通过观察归纳法总结主语从句的基本规则;
  2. 在主题语境中正确运用主语从句;
  3. 深化对主题语境“梦想”的理解与认识。
  教学步骤:
  Step 1: Lead-in
  语境的创设:课前播放电影《疯狂动物城》主题曲,激活学生背景图式。教师提问学生:Have you ever listened to the song before? Which film is it from? 引出电影主角Judy Hopps及其简介:
  The leading character is a bunny called Judy Hopps. To become a cop in Zootopia is Judy's dream. She was determined to realize it despite her parents' opposition. That she strived to realize her dream inspired all of us.
  【设计说明】该语篇包含四句话,学生阅读后观察画线句在句中充当什么成分,并分析哪些形式可以充当句子主语,教师根据例句4引出“主语从句”概念。
  Step 2: Presentation
  语境的展开:为学生呈现三个小语篇,引导学生思考并推断电影主角Judy实现梦想的三个奥秘。语篇举例:Judy's diary: My first day as a cop
  May 4th, 2016 Saturday                   Fine
  A tough day. Not as good as expected. But that's the way life's supposed to be, isn't it? What pains me trains me. What doesn't kill me makes me stronger. What I need is a good night's sleep and then —— to adapt myself to my new surroundings! It's common that everyone needs time to adapt. Keep up courage, Judy! Tomorrow is another day!
  Question: What kind of person is Judy? What is Judy's second secret to fulfilling her dream?
  【设计说明】在Presentation阶段,语法在语篇中呈现,使学生初步感知所学语法项目的结构(形式)、意义(语义)和在何种情境中运用(语用)。三个语篇分别为对话、日记和书信,通俗易懂,便于在扫清语言障碍的基础上关注语法形式。每个语篇包含2-4个主语从句,且用斜体标出,学生进行主题意义探索的同时思考语法形式的内涵。阅读后,,学生推断出电影主角Judy面对困难不放弃,积极适应新生活的品质,关键词“adaptation”。另外两则语篇分别侧重“determination”和“cooperation”两个品质。三个词在后缀上保持一致,有助于学生夯实词汇。
  主题探索后,教师将三个语篇中主语从句进行汇总,鼓励学生通过同伴协作观察并归纳出主语从句的常见规则。在此基础上教师对重难点进行解释与答疑。为降低英文解释的难度,规则的归纳以填空形式呈现,如下:
  Working out the rules:
  We can use a noun clause as the                 of a sentence.
  We can use                 to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement. We can use               to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use a question word, such as                 to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh- question.