【Abstract】This paper highlighted the necessity and feasibility of China’s new Middle East strategy construction under the framework of international law based on current situation in the Middle East. The time background of “One Belt and One Road” and the research status were analysed in this paper. The opportunities and challenges brought by China’s new Middle East diplomacy strategy were illustrated， then China’s Middle East diplomacy strategy under the framework of international law was analysed and some suggestions were put forward on China’s new Middle East diplomacy strategy construction.
　　【Key words】One Belt and One Road； China’s new Middle East strategy； Opportunities and challenges； Diplomacy strategy.
　　The strategic initiative of constructing “Silk Road Economic Belt” was proposed firstly by Xi Jinping when he visited Kazakhstan on September 7， 2013. In December， He explicitly put forward that China is willing to develop Marine partnerships with ASEAN countries and mutually construct “Maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century” when he delivered an important speech in Indonesia congress. The two initiatives referred to as “One Belt and One Road”. The construction of “One Belt and One Road” has become a cross-regional cooperation mode in 21st century， which contacting the policy， trade，， infrastructure， capital， communication of Asia with those of Africa and Europe. At present， the Middle East geopolitical competition is unusually intense， the “Old Middle East” tends to collapse and the “New Middle East” is still on the construction. In this process， the relation between great power and the Middle East are also changing. America’s influence for the Middle East is declining and the competition of great power in this area is increasing. However， various powers affect the reshaping of the Middle East order in different ways. On the other hand， the Middle East is in the critical stage of transition. Many countries occur turbulence frequently during the transitional period and some countries are still in reconstruction. Sharp changes lead to the accumulation and superposition of various risks.
　　1. The opportunities and challenges of China’s New Middle East diplomacy policy
　　Under wide background of the times， we will find that there are closely relationship between this change of the Middle East and the change of the current global politics and international situation. Similarly， the development of global politics and the change of international situation also make the relationships of international environment for our country have taken place profound changes. In this case， China's diplomacy has entered a new adjustment transition period to adapt to the development of new situation and the development of national interests. Therefore， I think that China's Middle East diplomacy is also to be in harmony with the transformation of China's overall diplomacy. China should adjust the relevant policies to master the initiative of the Middle East diplomacy according to the changed situation of the Middle East and all countries’ transformation tendency. Quite a long period in the future， the Middle East will still be in the old and new order alternating stage. The Middle East is in a disordered state， which has caused great impact to China’s Middle East diplomacy and the maintenance of interests. In view of the increasingly prominent and maintain of the Middle East as the status of China’s “Big Surrounding” and the need of China’s growing interests in the Middle East. China must have a bear to make some difference in the Middle East， and actively participate in shaping the new order of the Middle East.