作者：杨宇晴
　　【摘要】詞汇是语言学习的重要组成部分，贯穿于语言学习的始终。然而，大多数教师仍然采用传统的教学方法，过分强调英语语法，缺乏系统而科学的词汇教学方法，致使学生在词汇学习过程中背诵效率低，学习质量差。因此，教师在教学过程中应拓宽视角，掌握系统科学的教学理论。近年来，原型和基本等级范畴理论也在认知语言学中得到了广泛的关注， 也被广泛运用到词汇教学中。它进一步丰富了英语词汇教学理论，为提高学生的元认知能力提供了系统的方法，，又为词汇学习提供了一条有效途径。
　　【关键词】范畴化理论；基本等级范畴；词汇教学
　　【Abstract】Vocabulary is the vital part of language and the primary cell in the language learning. However， most teachers still use the traditional method， emphasizing much on English grammar， which lacks systematic and scientific methods for teaching vocabulary. Therefore， the teacher need a systematic method to provide a new angle for vocabulary teaching and learning. The category theories is the core topic in cognitive linguistics. It further enriches the English vocabulary teaching theory， providing a systematic method to enhance students’ metacognitive capability and an efficient path for vocabulary learning by prototype category theory and basic-level category theory getting theoretically support.
　　【Key words】category theory； basic level category； vocabulary teaching
　　【作者简介】杨宇晴（1994.5.10- ），女，硕士研究生，东北师范大学英语语言文学，研究方向：语用学方向。
　　I. Chapter One Introduction
　　Vocabulary is the vital part of language and the primary cell in the language learning. No matter what kinds of language learner， they could not make effective communication if they do not grasp sufficient vocabulary. Therefore， not only teachers but students should pay much attention to vocabulary learning. However， it is undeniable that some problems exist in China’s vocabulary teaching. The students always complain that the memorizing principles are boring and the majority of words restore in short time memory， while teachers are also annoyed by students’ learning efficiency. This phenomenon reflects some potential problems and generate negative influence on students. Some researches indicate that many elements which affect the efficiency of vocabulary acquisition are lack of comprehensive competence， lack of culture background and lack of systematic and scientific methods for teaching and learning， therefore， only under the correct guidance can students master and understand better.
　　Linguistic categorization is the core topic in cognitive linguistics， in which the theories of prototype and basic-level category draw much attention in recent years. Category theory is composed of categorization and prototype theory. This theory is firstly represented by Aristotle and develops by Ludwig Wittgenstein， and then， after a large amount of experiments， Rosch （1976） puts forward the prototype theory. The prototype theory and basic-level category theory is a important branch in cognitive linguistics， which provides a psychological-oriented perspective in vocabulary teaching.