作者:校园英语杂志社 字数:4342 点击:
  【摘要】“七选五”的考纲要求学生理解文章的基本结构及整体内容,注意考查上下文的逻辑意义。这对学生综合语言运用能力提出了更高的要求,根据考查内容通常有放在句首的主题句和标题类的句子;放在句中考查承上启下的段中题型;放在段末的设题方式,既进行概括总结,又起着承上启下的作用。因此,该题目在高考中可能会起到成绩分水岭的作用,能否掌握该题型的做题技巧是关乎“锦上添花”还是“雪上加霜”的事情。下面针对不同的题目特点,谈一下破解方法。
  【关键词】高中英语教学;七选五破解思路
  【作者简介】单新梅,李玉梅,山东潍坊高密三中。
  一、语言形式突破法
  该方法适合标题类题目,因为段落标题的语言形式多为祈使句或者名词短语。做题时先根据这个语言形式锁定三两个选项,这可大大缩小选择范围,提高得分率。再根据标题的主题概括性功能进行推敲,最终敲定答案。如,2016年全国II卷37题:
  ?      37
  Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, pattems and masses of color...
  ?Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
  Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood...
  A. Know why you garden
  B. Find a good place for your own garden
  【解析】参考第二个黑标题,锁定AB两个祈使句,将对题率提高到50%,再结合这句话的主题句功能,最终确定答案是A。
  二、主题句突破法
  此法适合设在段首的段落主题句类题目。此时,需要在复现词、同场词或其他相关线索词的辅助下,概括其大意,然后根据段落一致性的原则进而推断出主题句。如,以下例题:
  The Ways Lift up Your Mood(情绪)
  ......
  The first thing you should try is to socialize and to think positively... Just try to avoid bad thoughts ...
  3     It could be something you have wanted for along time — a short trip, a coat, ...
  D. Instead, try to think about the bright side of your life.
  G. You should also try doing some things only for yourself, something totally selfish.
  【解析】根據空后的所举事例及篇章结构的技巧及原词something的浮现等技巧可以锁定G选项。
  三、逻辑突破法
  段中类题目多用此法。该选项要充分发挥“手拉手”的作用,它往往与上下句之间都有某种紧密的逻辑关系,如解释、并列、转折、因果、顺承、递进等。线索词在该类题目中的作用尤其不容忽略。如,2016全国卷III40题:
  There are many common methods used to cook fish.    40   First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
  B. The easiest is to steam it.
  C. This is how you can do it.
  【解析】该题可用具体事例的逻辑关系。空前说到鱼有很多普通做法,空后开始列举具体操作步骤,由此推测,空格处应该指众多方法中的一种,也就是说B选项的完整说法其实是The easiest (one) is…,由此锁定选项B。
  四、总结概括突破法
  适合位于段末需要概括性语句的题目。研读整个段落,搞清楚段落大意,并参考段落首句,选择首尾呼应性概括性较强的选项。在解题的过程中要多关注选项中表示结论、总结及结果等的信号词,如so,therefore,thus等词语。如,2017年全国卷Ⅲ39题:
  Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.  39
  ......
  E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.