作者:校园英语杂志社 字数:4180 点击:

作者:陈希东
  【摘要】在21世纪的今天,教育全球化已然成为了一个不可逆转的趋势。根据中国教育部的相关数据,近年来中国赴海外求学学生的数量一直保持增长趋势。诸多学生在备考语言考试即雅思(IELTS)的过程中尤其在写作板块问题较为突出。本文将重点讲解针对雅思写作中的大作文较为有效的“TEER”四步法。
  【关键词】雅思写作 “TEER”四步法
  一、雅思大作文题型分析
  (1)议论文(argumentation)
  1) 给出一种观点——(To what extent) do you agree or disagree?
  Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas(in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do.
  To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
  — From Test 3 of Cambridge 4
  2) 给出两种对立的观点——Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
  It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.
  Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
  — From Test 1 of Cambridge 7
  3) 分析優缺点——Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh its disadvantages/ problems?
  Many museums charge for admission while others are free.
  Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages?
  — From Test 4 of Cambridge 10
  (2)报告(report)
  给出一种现象——causes/effects/solutions
  In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.
  What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?
  — From Test 4 of Cambridge 8
  二、“TEER”四步法理论概述
  根据雅思官方的评分标准,在雅思写作中考生需要注意的基本问题如下:写作任务回应情况、连贯与衔接、词汇丰富程度、语法多样性及准确性。鉴于此,在具体段落写作中,考生在段落结构上可采用“TEER”四步法来应对。
  T:Topic sentence。段落首句,旗帜鲜明地提出核心论点,为该段后续的论证打下基础。
  论点的提出分为从第一人称和第三人称的视角提出。具体而言,如若从第一人称视角,常用的基本句型为:介词性短语如“as far as I am concerned/as I see it/from my perspective/in my point of view/from where I stand/personally speaking/in my opinion/as for me/in my eyes/according to my knowledge”和宾语从句如“I (firmly/strongly/earnestly) believe/hold/reckon/deem/consider/feel that...”。
  E:Explanation。第二句对核心论点进行理论上地展开讲解和补充,为之后的例证做好铺垫。
  理论展开在一定程度上也可以称作理论论证,故而在这一步可以使用其他具体的理论论证方法,如对比论证、因果论证、假设论证等。考生在这一步可常用的句型表达有“in other words/to be specific/to be exact/to put it in another way/by this I mean/what it means is that...”。
  E:Exemplification。采用例证法对前文的论点进行进一步实际论证,以达到有理有据的论证效果。
  第三步的例证法是为了实现理论加实际的论证结构,以至于整个文章不会太过空洞,也不至于落入纯粹说理的俗套。但是,考生需要注意的是,这个过程中的例证无需从细节入手进行大篇幅的举例说明,,更提倡以点带面式的例证手段。这一环节中比较提倡的地道表达有“for example/for instance/a case in point is.../...is a typical example/take...as an example”。